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Re: [ATM] 32" dia mirror - what Focal ratio?



 
Scott,
 
Here's one of my three favorite astrograph designs.  It probably does 
not suit your purpose since it uses a hyperbolic primary mirror, but 
I thought I'd work up a 32" example and present it anyway.  The 
following URL contains a screen shot of the design details, optical 
layout of the corrector, and geometric and physical spot diagrams.  
 
 
_http://members.aol.com/aplanatic/HN_810_f41.jpg_ 
(http://members.aol.com/aplanatic/HN_810_f41.jpg) 
 
Make sure you view the jpeg at full resolution to avoid  aliasing.

 
The optical system consists of an 810 mm f/5 primary with a conic 
constant of -1.2 (20% "overcorrected") and a two element 
corrector / reducer combination.  The final system f/ratio is  ~4.1.
 
In the optical layout photons are moving from right to left.  In the 
spot diagrams the small grid squares are 6 microns on a side, 
which is about 0.5 arcseconds.  As you can see, the spot quality 
is excellent across the full field of the KAF-1001 IC.  At the far  right 
I've included the physically-correct spot diagrams at 587 nm.  Not 
shown is the Strehl ratio, which is >0.95 on-axis at 587 nm.
 
For large instruments I think this design has a lot of merit.  It's  simple 
compared to its competition.  As demonstrated, the f/ratio can be 
made quite fast.  The tolerances on the lenses are tight but doable, 
and the compact two-element corrector is not difficult to mount and 
center, IMO.  The back focus is sufficient to allow an off-axis guider 
in the corrected light path if care is taken in the mechanics.  As  with 
any fast astrograph, collimation will still be a critically important chore 
that must be worked out.
 
There is a variation of this design that uses a parabolic primary.  It 
does not have the spot quality that this design exhibits but it  could 
be just fine for your purposes.  However, as I mentioned before, I  think 
that a parabolic f/5 primary and a Paracorr will work well with the 
larger-pixel detectors.  As such, I see no real need to proceed  in this 
direction.  I present this as an interesting astrograph variant and  not 
necessarily the right design for you.
 
In case you're wondering, I wrote the ray-tracing program myself.  
Should the reader question these results, the design can be 
transported into a more familiar optical simulator.  Yes, my sign 
convention is opposite that which is commonly in use and I like it 
that way.  :-)
 
I first saw this astrograph type in an S&T article by Paul Lind.
 
-- Dave
 
 
 
In a message dated 8/3/2005 3:26:50 A.M. Pacific Daylight Time,  
polaraligned@optonline.net writes:

Thanks  Dave,  I appreciate your input and experience.
You are the only one on  the list to give me an actual answer
that wasn't just negative or  simply  "well why not build this instead...."
I am strongly now  considering doing the f/5.  I need a bit more
research into any  possible disadvantage of f/5 vs f/6.
My initial reasoning for extending the  focal legnth to an f/6 was:

1) With folded optics, the increase in tube  legnth was not significant so:
2)  Chances of optician making better  mirror increase.
3)  Less coma for the corrector to deal with.   (better images in the end)
4)  Easier collimation, especially with the  folded optics.
5) Central obstruction becomes smaller.

I am not sure  just how much easier the collimation would be, or
how much easier of a time  a correcter would have with the coma.
That is why I have asked for some  input, ie, advantages of longer
focal legnth.  I am worried on the  other side that if the focal legnth is
too long, I will not be able to  frame some of the larger objects, and
spend more time behind the computer  doing mosaics than having fun.

I have a lot of years as an amateur  machinist and have done a lot of
welding and fabricating.  This  telescope is a dream of mine for the last
12 years.  I have rebuilt  several Bridgeport CNC machines in the last
year with the intention of  using them to help fabricate this scope, even
though I am quite competent  with manual lathe and mills.
I am no stranger to large optics as I  currently have a 25" f/5 Galaxy dob.

I appreciate your input, and as I  head up to Stellafane this morning, I
will ponder the possibilitys.  I  would like to hear more about your
corrector.

Thanks  again,
Scott




----- Original Message ----- 
From:  <Aplanatic@aol.com>
To: <atm@atmlist.net>
Sent: Monday,  August 01, 2005 9:28 PM
Subject: Re: [ATM] 32" Focal  ratio


>
> Hi Scott,
>
> I optimized a simple  two-element coma corrector for a 32" f/5 parboloid 
> and
>  obtained very acceptable results at the corner of a KAF 1001 CCD.  The  RMS
> spot size was a tad under 10 microns.  This suggests that an  f/5 mirror 
> (1.2
> arcsec/pixel) can be reasonably well  corrected for coma with a very simple 
> coma
> corrector.   I'd guess that a Paracorr would do somewhat better  yet.
>
>  Figuring and testing a 32" f/5 mirror is a big job and will require a 
>  good
> optician to do the work.  Nonetheless, well within the   capabilities of a
> professional optician.  Mounting the beast is  another  problem entirely.
>
> I see no reason not to pick  your favorite focal ratio between f/4.5 and 
> f/8.
> The one  thing I did not check was distortion, which may need to be
> corrected  digitally during the process of making mosaics.
>
> Best wishes on  this wonderful project,
>
> --  Dave
>
>
>
>
>
> In a message dated  8/1/2005 5:17:30 P.M. Pacific Daylight Time,
>  polaraligned@optonline.net writes:
>
>> Hi   Scott,
>>
>> What is the largest camera you will be using  with the  scope?  Are you
>> figuring the mirror or is  someone else?   Will you be buying (or making) 
>>  a
>> focal reducer?  How picky are  you about the images at  the edge of the
>> field?  Do you plan on  doing  mosaics?
>>
>
>
> Probably a KAF 1001 with a 24.6 x  24.6 mm  size.  24 um pixels.  It's
> pixel size is a  good match for the  long focal legnth without binning.
> Plan on  having someone else make  mirror.... Buying a coma corrector....
>  Well, of course I would like the  best possible images to the edge of  
> field,
> and I can't rule out  mosaics.  Am I asking  too much?  How will this scope
> compare to  an RC?  Oh,  and the original question: Is a longer f ratio 
> going
> to   help me achieve better images, even with a corrector?
>
>  Opinions  appreciated,
>
>  Scott
>
>
>
>
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> ATM mailing list  http://www.atmlist.net/  

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